Archive for the ‘Licensing’ Category

Is there value in “Retired” trademarks?

Tuesday, December 28th, 2010

Anytime there are public transactions of pieces of intellectual property, our professional interest is roused because we are constantly paying attention to benchmark information that can better inform our market value appraisals.  That is one reason we paid attention to the auction of “retired” trademarks earlier this month.

For the event, Brands USA Holdings hired Racebrook Marketing Concepts to auction off what was termed by the lay press as “retired brands,” in effect, old corporate names.  Brands USA Holdings did not own the brands, but rather had filed intent-to-use forms for them with the USPTO, and what was for sale was the ownership of those applications.   Obviously, questions of “naked licenses” and “where’s the goodwill?” arise in these cases.

Computercity

 

What was actually available for sale was a total of 170 product and corporate names that are no longer being used.  Randy Cochran lists them all on BVR’s Intellectual Property Blog and the ones that stand out to us are:

  • Shearson, in the financial services sector
  • Cheez Kisses, in the foods industry
  • Meister Brau, in beverages
  • Computer City, in retail
  • Annie Hall, for apparel
  • Handi Wrap in household goods.

While there are deeply hidden references and faint recollections surrounding some of these marks in consumers’ minds, it is not clear at all that a new product launch, or a restructuring of an existing business would derive a net benefit from building these brands as opposed to starting from scratch. Definitely, a case-by-case analysis that would have to be performed and, perhaps, it should not be surprising that all indications are that the auction did not raise significant amounts of money for these applications.

According to the reports in the blogosphere and BVR, no more than $150,000 changed hands, with several marks not being sold, and some fetching as little as $1,000.  In addition, the second stage of the game is to ascertain that there are domain names available for the “retirees” as any contemporary brand building would require.  As far as we have been able to check, most are “parked” domains that pre-date the applications being sold, and the cost of paying off the current owners, or developing a workaround, is an added cost to the strategy of reviving old brands.

For all the intrigue and interest it may have drawn, the revival strategy does not appear to be economically worthwhile.  We await counter-examples with interest…

University Research and IP – A Case in Point

Wednesday, December 22nd, 2010

Recently (12/10/10), Judge Garaufis of the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of New York denied a motion to dismiss the case brought by St. John’s University against a former professor, Sanford Bolton, his PhD student, Spiridon Spireas, and the company they formed to commercialize four patents (allegedly) improperly concealed from the University.

The opinion notes that, under New York law, St. John’s had sufficiently alleged that Bolton and Spireas breached their contractual obligations to assign patentable inventions to it.

A notable fact in this case is that Bolton retired in 1994 and Spireas completed his PhD in 1993.  Their first patent application was filed two years after Bolton’s retirement and their research at the University allegedly resulted in inventions which are the subjects of at least three additional patents.  Liability in this case is being argued on the basis of contracts used by the University to protect intellectual property rights.

As  James DeGiulio observes on the Patent Docs Blog; “…One piece of evidence that Judge Garaufis pointed to was Spireas’s dissertation, which contains sections literally copied into one of the patents.  The judge also found that Bolton and Spireas were fiduciaries of St. John’s, and owed it a duty to fully disclose material facts relating to their research…”

For instance, St. John’s College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Professions had a Patent Policy that governed the ownership of inventions resulting from research
conducted by St. John’s faculty and students. Under this policy, Bolton and Spireas were allegedly obligated to assign to St. John’s “…all patentable inventions, discoveries, processes, uses, products, or combinations resulting, in whole or in part, from any of (a) the use of the laboratories or other facilities of [St. John’s], (b) services  rendered by faculty to [St. John’s], (c) research conducted by graduate students or doctoral candidates under the direction of [St. John’s] faculty, or (d) any related or predicate research . . .”
The case has wider implications as these are common provisions, not only among universities, but in many research institutions and commercial entities.

Bolstering the University’s interest in enforcing the agreements with the researchers is the commercial success of the venture.  Hygrosol has received at least $100 million in revenue from the licensing agreements, which has been transferred to Bolton and Spireas, according to court documents.

We shall continue to follow this case to draw conclusions about the current case law on the enforcement of invention assignments.

(Thanks to Patent Docs, you can download the memorandum and order here.)